Infocommunication systems. Infocommunication technologies and special communication systems Telecommunication systems and communications facilities universities
Description
The professional area of the bachelor's degree level in this direction includes work in service-operational, research-experimental, design-calculation and organizational-management fields. The main knowledge gained includes:
- acceptance and mastery of the principles and operating features of the supplied equipment;
- creating favorable working conditions for employees, providing places with the necessary equipment and instruments;
- installation, adjustment, configuration, testing and commissioning of prototypes of developed devices;
- performing service maintenance and debugging of software and hardware systems and units;
- practical application of modern information tools and systems;
- implementation of metrological procedures on equipment, end-to-end channels and tracts;
- monitoring the depreciation parameters of devices, conducting preventive examinations of their technical condition and performing routine repairs as necessary;
- organization of procedures aimed at ensuring labor protection and safety at work;
- provision of information and communication services to the end user.
Who to work with
For the most part, bachelors are offered jobs as telecommunications or communications engineers, managers of the information technology department, or software developers. Many large companies regularly require network and system administrators, and graduates of this field can apply for positions. Also recently, the demand for specialists in computer global networks and information security has increased. Bachelors can work in the technical department of an industrial enterprise. Most often they are provided with work by military institutions and units, customs services, banks and tax authorities.
Infocommunication technologies and special communication systems.
What you will be taught:
- Operate systems, networks and special communication complexes in extreme conditions;
- Monitor the status and technological management of systems, networks, complexes and special communications equipment;
- Plan and carry out maintenance work on systems, complexes and special communications equipment at all stages of their operation;
- Monitor and ensure life safety during the operation of systems, complexes and special communications equipment;
- Plan and organize the operation of special communication systems, manage and monitor their implementation;
- To substantiate and select rational organizational and technical solutions that ensure the implementation of the requirements for the effective use of infocommunication technologies in special communication systems in the field of professional activity;
- Organize the protection of state secrets and information security;
- Develop and implement technological processes for setting up and testing special communications equipment;
- Prepare documentation, software and instructions for the production of special communications equipment;
- Assess the quality of products using standards and standard control methods;
- Analyze the state of a scientific and technical problem, determine goals and set design tasks;
- Justify technical conditions and specifications for designed systems and devices;
- Develop electrical circuits of special communication systems using computer design tools, carry out design calculations and feasibility studies of decisions made;
- Develop technical and technological documentation
- Participate in testing prototypes of special communications equipment and complexes;
- Collect, process, analyze and systematize scientific and technical information, domestic and foreign experience in the field of professional activity;
- Develop programs and methods of scientific research and process their results;
- Model infocommunication processes and objects using application software packages;
- Optimize special communication systems and complexes using statistical, variational and other mathematical methods;
- Prepare reviews and reports on the results of ongoing research.
Where will you work:
The resulting qualifications and level of training allow graduates to work as engineers for the operation of multi-channel telecommunication systems, special-purpose radio communication systems, satellite communications, communication networks and switching systems and fiber-optic transmission systems; as specialists in the design of telecommunications equipment and communication systems.
Where will you work:
Graduates work at enterprises of telecom operators, at enterprises of manufacturers of communication equipment, in the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Russian Federation and other law enforcement agencies, in corporate communication networks for various purposes (fuel and energy complex, railway and aviation transport), in research institutes , in civil and defense design bureaus.
Internships can be carried out in organizations, enterprises, institutions and firms specializing in the production and design of telecommunications equipment, communication equipment and operation of telecommunication systems, as well as in departments and laboratories of USATU.
The training of certified specialists makes it possible to fully use the potential of a higher civil school in the interests of national defense and state security. On the basis of the UGATU military training center, upon admission to targeted training, students can master, together with a civilian specialty, the military specialty “Operation and repair of radio-electronic equipment of aircraft, helicopters and aircraft missiles.” In the process of preparation, students will acquire skills in the operation of radio-electronic equipment and knowledge of the design of the aircraft being studied, the purpose and composition of aviation radio-electronic equipment, the basics of constructing aviation radio-technical devices, basic tactical and technical data and placement on the aircraft being studied. aircraft weapons and radio-electronic equipment.
UVC graduates receive the officer rank of lieutenant and serve in the following branches of the Russian Armed Forces:
- Air Force
- Navy
- Strategic Missile Forces
- Aerospace Defense Forces.
Graduates who choose a profession according to their profile can count on employment in telecommunications corporations, in technical centers for network development, in radio-electronic industry enterprises, in the defense production sector, as well as in government supervision structures, in particular in Roskomnadzor. Often such specialists are involved in the development and maintenance of cellular communication systems, software development in the field of telecommunications, and technical support for the operation of existing local and global communication systems. At the initial stage, they are in demand as technical specialists and junior managers. The telecommunications services market is developing dynamically, which guarantees demand for specialists in this profile.
Prospects
There are good career prospects for specialists in this field. As a rule, after a certain period of work, a specialist receives a promotion, regardless of the form of ownership and affiliation of the employer. A good specialist will be valued both in a cellular operator company, in production, and in a small local provider company. For beginning specialists, the salary is usually up to 40 thousand rubles. In the structures of Roscosmos and Roskomnadzor, salaries of junior specialists are somewhat lower. Large and financially successful companies can offer a salary in the range of 40-60 thousand rubles.
Infocommunication systems
Infocommunication technologies and systems - definitions and concepts
History of the development of infocommunications tools
In the past, telecommunications and information technologies developed separately and, in a muddy way, independently of each other. The provision of telecommunications services was inextricably linked with organizations called telecom operators, which built their business on the sale of voice traffic. Information technologies, in turn, developed independently and were associated with software development
Infocommunication technologies.
The concept of “infocommunication technologies” includes information technologies (hardware and software), telecommunications equipment (subscriber, network) and telecommunications services (Services in public telephone networks, Internet services, mobile telephone services, etc.)
Infocommunication technologies -
This concept combines two components: information technology and telecommunication technologies.
These components can be characterized as follows:
This is a global telecommunications network, this is network equipment, this is radio communications.
All types of security
Developments that saturate the information system with applied tasks (databases, accounting and other programs), creating a superstructure over the technological foundation.
Information technology includes everything related to application software
and to telecommunication technologies - means that create an infrastructure, or, in other words, a system-technical basis for one or another application functionality.
Definitions
Information and telecommunication network- a technological system designed to transmit information via communication lines, accessed using computer technology
Infocommunication system is a set of telecommunications networks, means of storing and processing information, as well as sources and consumers of information.
Infocommunication system model
proposed by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU).
Multi-service networks
Multiservice networks are a universal transport medium for data transmission, corporate telephony traffic and all multimedia systems.
(including video conferencing systems, video surveillance, distance learning)
Multiservice networks allow the transfer of various information within a corporate network using a single infrastructure.
NGN (next generation networks) are multiservice communication networks, the core of which is IP core networks that support full or partial integration of voice, data and multimedia services.
General network communication issues
Generalized commutation problem
If the network topology is not fully connected, then data exchange between an arbitrary pair of end nodes (subscribers) must go through transit nodes.
The sequence of transit nodes (network interfaces) on the path from the sender to the recipient is called route.
The task of connecting end nodes through a transit network is called the task switching.
It can be presented in the form of several interrelated tasks:
Determination of information flows for which paths need to be laid.
Defining routes for flows.
Message about found routes to network nodes.
Promotion of streams, i.e. recognition of flows and their local switching at each transit node.
Multiplexing and demultiplexing of streams, etc.
Definition of information flows
An information stream or data stream is a continuous sequence of bytes (which can be aggregated into larger data units - packets, frames, cells), united by a set of common characteristics that distinguish it from the general network traffic.
The data coming from the computer is a single stream, or a set of substreams, each of which has an additional attribute - the destination address.
Each of the subflows can be divided into subflows related to different network applications - email, access to a web server...
The choice of path can be made taking into account the nature of the transmitted data.
Defining routes
Selecting a path (route) for data transmission - determining the sequence of transit nodes and their interfaces through which they can be delivered to the recipient is carried out based on the criteria:
Nominal bandwidth
Communication channel congestion
Number of intermediate transit nodes
Channel reliability
Notifying the network about the selected route
After determining the route, you need to inform transit nodes about it.
General message:
"..if data arrives related to stream N, then you need to transfer it to interface F."
As a result, an entry is created in the switching table in which the interface number is assigned to the flow attribute.
Promotion of streams
Switching- the sender “exposes” the data to the port from which the found route originates, and all transit nodes must “transfer” the data from one of their ports to another.
Switch- directs information flows entering its ports to the corresponding output ports.
Multiplexing
Multiplexing is the combination of several individual streams into a common aggregated stream that can be transmitted over one physical communication channel.
Multiplexing technologies:
Used in analog communication lines. When several low-speed ones are multiplexed to create one high-speed channel.
Used in digital communication lines. When each low-speed channel is allocated a certain share of time *time slot or quantum) of a high-speed channel.
Each channel transmits its information using a network wave of a certain length and, accordingly, frequency). Such a channel is called a spectral channel, since it is allocated a certain band of the network radiation spectrum.
Frequency division
Time division of channels
By wavelength
An analog communication line is intended for transmitting signals of arbitrary shape and does not represent any requirements for the method of representing 1 and 0 by data transmission equipment, while a digital communication line - all parameters of the pulses transmitted by the line are standardized. Those. For digital communication lines, the physical layer protocol is defined, but for analogue ones it is not.
Types of switching
Circuit switching
Its origins date back to the first telephone networks.
The switching network forms a continuous composite physical channel between the end nodes from intermediate sections connected in series by switches.
Advantages:
Constant and known data transfer rate over the channel
Low and constant latency of data transmission through the network. This allows high-quality transmission of delay-sensitive data (real-time traffic) - voice, video, etc.
Flaws:
The possibility of a network refusing to service a request to establish a connection if a certain section of this network already hosts the maximum number of information flows for a given multiplexing technique and for a given channel.
Irrational use of physical channel capacity. Once a connection is established, part of the bandwidth is allocated to the composite channel for the entire duration of the connection, until the connection is terminated.
Mandatory delay before data transmission due to connection setup phase
Packet switching
Typical network applications generate traffic very unevenly, with high levels of data rate burstiness. The ratio of the minimum and maximum intensity of data exchange can reach 1:100. When organizing channel switching, most of the time it will be idle.
The solution to the problem is to split user messages into packets (from 46 to 1500 bytes). Each packet is provided with a header that specifies the addressing information needed to deliver the packet to the destination node, as well as the packet number used to assemble the message. Packets are transported in the network as independent information blocks.
Packet network switches differ from channel switches in the presence of a buffer memory for storing packets while the output port of the switch is occupied. A data transmission scheme using buffering allows smoothing out traffic ripples.
High overall network throughput when transmitting bursty traffic.
The feature dynamically redistributes the bandwidth of physical communication channels between subscribers in accordance with real traffic needs.
Uncertainty in the speed of data transfer between network subscribers, caused by the dependence of delays in buffer queues of network switches on the overall network load.
Variable delay of data packets, which can reach significant values during moments of instantaneous network congestion.
Possible data loss due to buffer overflow.
Direction Number:
Form of study:
Cost of education:
From 122,960 rubles
Number of seats:
Budget: 25
Contract: 5
The level of education
and duration of study:
Bachelor's degree 4 years
Minimum points:
Mathematics: 55
Computer Science and ICT: 55
Russian Language: 36
Passing score for the budget in 2018: 216
ABOUT THE SPECIALTY
Infocommunications is an industry that combines telecommunications and information technologies, focused on expanding communication networks and building global information services on their basis. Modern data transmission networks are an integral part of the information infrastructure of society, the most important component of production processes in all spheres of human activity.
Communication systems and telecommunications specialists are in demand regardless of their experience. Students and recent graduates are coveted employees of fiber optic companies and Internet service providers. More experienced professionals occupy positions of leading developers, heads of departments and departments, both in specialized companies and in the IT departments of large corporations.
Core disciplines
- Foreign language
- Higher mathematics
- Engineering and computer graphics
- Management in telecommunications
- Computer Science and Information Technology
- General communication theory
- Digital signal processing and signal processors
- Electromagnetic fields and waves, etc.
Minors
Who to work with?
Computer Security Specialist
Specialist responsible for comprehensive information security.
Engineer programmer
Specialist responsible for software development and website development.
Network and Database Designer
Specialist responsible for network and database design.
System Administrator
A specialist responsible for maintaining the proper operation of computer equipment.
Depending on the chosen profile, graduates: participate in the development of modules for Wi-Fi, 3G, WiMax systems, modems, amplifiers, receivers and transmitters, program applications for mobile phones, communicators, computers, develop telecommunications equipment (radio relay stations, satellite television systems etc.), design and administer computer networks and public access networks, work in information and telecommunications companies. 
Extracurricular life at UrFU is rich and varied; up to 200 events of all types and directions take place throughout the year. In addition, each institute within the university independently conducts many internal events during the academic year. The university has many dance, theater, song, tourism, creative and sports groups, so you definitely won’t be bored.
Minors
UrFU students have access to the entire spectrum of world knowledge at the highest level. For example, this is manifested in such an instrument as the minor. Minors are educational programs specifically designed to give students knowledge and competencies in areas different from the main field of study. An important feature is that when teachers prepare such a minor module, they initially strive to make it interesting and exciting for a wide range of students, and not just for students with specialized training. The opportunity to master minors appears in the 3rd year, and they last one year (autumn and spring semesters). In each semester, a student can choose only one minor and the one who successfully completes the training and passes the test will be issued a certificateDifficulties that a student may encounter
1. Lack of time and inability to properly distribute it2. Issuing a large number of different types of work at the end of the semester for a short period of time
3. You have to learn a lot on your own, a large amount of homework
4. Insufficient level of school knowledge base for mastering new, more complex subjects
Extracurricular life of a URFU student
Extracurricular life at UrFU is rich and varied; up to 200 events of all types and directions take place throughout the year. In addition, each institute within the university independently conducts many internal events during the academic year. The university has many dance, theater, song, tourism, creative and sports groups, so you definitely won’t be bored.
