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Creating page elements with php. PHP. Dynamic page creation. Converting a web page from static to dynamic

In search of educational material on creating php sites, I found the most simplified disclosure of this topic, which I present to your review.

I want to note that modern cms work on php and this lesson gives a simplified concept of how such sites work. In order to create a full-fledged Internet portal, it is more reasonable to use already known engines. Wordpress is especially attractive with its friendly admin panel and constant support from the developer community.

And find out all the details on the conditions and prices.

For learning php I liked this step by step course learning php(unfortunately, the author retrained, but I suggest looking at another lesson. This is "]]> Modern PHP: working with Vkontakte ]]> "), here you can ask about something you don't understand and get a detailed answer. To learn this programming language will help on how to make a modern php website, php tutorials - all for mandatory reading.

Before we consider creating a site with using php, we have already understood that PHP itself does not make websites. And what we see on the screen, from the inside, is nothing more than the most ordinary HTML, even a page and has a PHP extension.

Therefore, when we say “make a site in PHP”, we mean that the site is still being made in HTML, and we use PHP as a means to make our life easier in the future with the support of the site.

We do not need the theoretical part at the moment, and I will not rewrite the theory from numerous sources at all. These pages are just cheat sheets for creating a php site. So let's move on to the practical part. On this page, we will learn how to make a php site template and create many php pages based on it.

Lesson 1. How to create a website in php

For example, let's make a website consisting of 5 pages.

Let the structure be like this:

The pages will be the same. Let's make a template - we want to save uniform style the site as a whole. In the future, we will be able to quickly make changes to the site menu, change the text content, we will be able to add the banner code to the bottom of the page, and everything that may still need to be changed with the development of the site.

First, let's create our page template in HTML:

This page is made with PHP (Personal Home Page)

Section 1

Section 2

Section 3

Section 4

Section 5

In order to change the code on five pages at once, we must decompose this code into parts, that is, into independent files. Let's break our HTML code into three parts:

Section 1

Section 2

Section 3

Section 4

Section 5

Section #…

Thus, we saw how we can parse our page. A very simple example, probably the most easily digestible on the net, for which many thanks to the author! Each of us will deal with the complication independently.

What to do now? And here's what.

Save our parts like this

(note the line declaring the PHP code):

File - header.php

Section 1

Section 2

Section 3

Section 4

Section 5

File - footer.php

Where did the mainblock.php file go? It is not separated into a separate file. The webmaster will work with this file later. It will contain the main content of the page. And we will correct it with “handles”, otherwise we dreamed of putting everything on the machine;).

Let's see what happened in the end.

Two files:

The first file is responsible for the "top" of our page, the second - for the "bottom".

We have come close to creating a php site template.

What are we doing now? That's how. Let's create another file. For example, let's call it - test.php. This file will be our template. Consider how we assemble our page.

Let's use the include() function for this; This feature allows us to include another file in our PHP code. So! Attention! The mystery begins.

We write the following:

#everything further is handled by the PHP interpreter ?>

#include our page title

include("header.php");

#Connecting our basement

include("footer.php");

All. We have created a page template in PHP. Now, if we download this file through the browser (after having previously figured out how Denver works or by installing the Apache + PHP bundle separately), we will get the following code when viewed in notepad:

Section 1

Section 2

Section 3

Section 4

Section 5

This is our website template. Here we have basic information

Making many pages for our php site

Now we can rename this page with at least a hundred different names (use save as ..., everyone knows how). Accordingly, we multiply the pages with names:

We change the information on these pages between

This is Section 1

This is Section 2

This is Section 5

If you have already read the necessary literature on php, then you can easily guess that all these files should be saved in one directory. If you, for example, save page templates in a separate directory, then the line for including the file in the code will look like this: include("dir_name/header.php");. Where "dir_name" is the name of your directory.

Summarize.

We got 5 files that look the same. At the same time, by editing the header.php and footer.php files, we can change the appearance of all 5 files. Try it, click on the links. Feel free to change anything in the header.php or footer.php files and see how these changes affect each page. Which is what you need to get. This is how easy it is.

The given example is simple and primitive, which is what you need for the first steps in learning and creating a site in the php language.

All goals set at the beginning of this lesson are fulfilled:

Created a website in PHP

Facilitated all further life associated with the support of the site

Achieved that the pages are designed in the same style

This tutorial was written in 2003, since then php itself has been improved more than once. Lesson found on the link how to make a website in php.

In the next tutorial, we'll see what we can do with links using the mighty PHP. You can subscribe to the RSS feed to keep abreast of updates to the site material.

For a deeper understanding of the topic, how to create a site in php, see a practical lesson and download the site template archive.

If you are ready for a serious study of php, then it is difficult to find a better video course from Popov. He has a lot of experience and a good style.

We talked only about static pages, that is, those that, no matter how the user interacts with them, always remain unchanged, and in order for their content or design to change, the page owner needs to edit the code manually.

Dynamic pages and what they need

In addition to static, there are also dynamic pages. Most of them are on the Internet now. Information in them is loaded from external sources, such as a database or other files. The content and formatting of such pages may change depending on the user's actions. To edit dynamic sites, it is not necessary to interfere with their code - it is enough to change the content in a specially designed file or database, which, by the way, is also a file, only structured in a certain way.

To create dynamic websites, just HTML and CSS is not enough. It also uses programming languages, as well as databases and query languages ​​for them. Most often, modern dynamic sites use HTML, CSS, PHP, JavaScript, SQL in their work. The first two abbreviations are already familiar to you firsthand, SQL is used to access databases, JavaScript is a client-side language whose commands are processed by the browser and are often used to show you all sorts of beauty like curtains or smoothly opening photos, but PHP is a server-side programming language , which works, among other things, with the content of the site and makes it dynamic, we will come into contact with it today.

An example of using the include command

In the previous article, I talked about the block layout of the site and cited the simplest page as an example (document index.html and the file associated with it style.css).

Now we will split the document index.html into several files, each of which will contain its own part of the page, which will help to further separate the code, improve the structure of the template and, in fact, make the page dynamic. For this purpose, we will use PHP language, or rather, only one of its directives - the function include(), which includes one file within another.

1. Change the permission of the file created in the article about block layout index With .html on .php to name the document index.php. File type .PHP indicates to the server that the document was written or uses inserts in the programming language of the same name.

2. In the folder with the page, create a directory blocks.

3. All supporting information (top, bottom, navigation and sidebar site) we will take out into separate files, which we will place in the folder blocks.

So, create four files in the blocks directory: header.php, navigation.php, sidebar.php And footer.php. Fill in the files with code.

4. Check the template folder structure. The files must be in the root index.php, style.css and directory blocks.

Folder structure blocks should be like this.

5. In file index.php delete the existing code and write a new one:

In the browser, the index.php file looks exactly the same as before, but the structure of the template has completely changed. We will talk about what happened later, and now we will answer the question about the mysterious commands of the form .

Like HTML code, PHP code also has its own start and end designation. So, you need to start a PHP insert with the command , and end with the line ?> . Between these commands, the main code is written. In our case, this is just one command - include.

".$name . " " . $surname . ""; ?>

Here already in the html markup there are blotches of PHP code. Tags are used to add PHP expressions to a page, between which there are instructions in the PHP language. In the php code, we receive the form data and display it on the page.

Each individual PHP expression must end with a semicolon. In this case, we have three expressions. Two of them receive the submitted form data, for example $name = $_POST["firstname"]; .

$name is a variable that will hold some value. All variables in PHP are preceded by a $ sign. And since the form on the index.html page uses the POST method to submit, we can use the $_POST["firstname"] expression to get the value that was entered in the text field with the attribute name="firstname" . And this value gets into the $name variable.

With the echo statement, you can display any value or text that comes after the statement on the page. In this case (echo "Your name: ".$name . " " . $surname . ""), using a dot, the quoted text is concatenated with the values ​​of the $name and $surname variables and displayed on the page.

Now let's turn to the input form by going to the address http://localhost:8080:

Enter some data and click on the submit button:

So, the script worked for us display.php, which received and displayed the submitted data on the page.

Create a file called hello.php in the root directory of the web server (DOCUMENT_ROOT) and write the following into it:

Example #1 First PHP script: hello.php

"

Hello World!

Open this file in a browser by typing in the name of your web server and /hello.php. When developing locally, this link might be something like http://localhost/hello.php or http://127.0.0.1/hello.php, but it depends on your server settings. If everything is configured correctly, this file will be processed by PHP and the browser will display the following text:

hello world

This program is extremely simple, and you don't even need to use PHP to create such a simple page. All she does is inference hello world using PHP statement echo. Please note that the file does not have to be executable or otherwise different from other files. The server knows that this file should be processed by PHP because the file has a ".php" extension, which the server settings say such files should be passed to PHP. Think of it like a regular HTML file that is lucky enough to have a set of special tags (available to you too) that can do a lot of cool stuff.

If this example does not display anything for you or displays a download window, or if you see this entire file in text form, then most likely your web server does not have PHP support or was configured incorrectly. Ask your server administrator to enable this support. Offer him installation instructions: the Installation section of this documentation. If you are developing PHP scripts at home (locally), then also read this chapter to make sure you have everything set up correctly. Also make sure you are requesting the file from the server via the http protocol. If you just open the file from your file system, it will not be processed by PHP. If problems still persist, feel free to ask for help from one of the PHP Support Receipts.

The purpose of the example is to show the format of PHP special tags. In this example we used as the opening tag, followed by PHP commands ending with the closing tag ?> . Thus, you can "jump" and "jump" anywhere from PHP mode to HTML file. You can read more about this in the Basic Syntax section of the manual.