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Oracle program training. Oracle training. Basic concepts and conditional abbreviations

The professional retraining program is dedicated to the main areas in the field of network and system administration, as well as technologies for developing and administering databases.

The program includes official Microsoft authorized training courses, Cisco Networking Academy and NDG Linux vendor courses, and EMC Academy courses. The program deals with network and system administration technologies, general issues of database organization, technologies for developing and administering Microsoft SQL Server and PostgreSQL databases.

During the program, you will learn:

How to prepare equipment for installing Linux and Windows operating systems;
Operating system administration basics and system administration tasks:
- Scheduling users and groups;
- Access control to basic OS resources;
- Configuring servers and workstations for networking;
Regulations for carrying out preventive work to support operating systems as parts of an infocommunication system;
Principles of building packet networks, basic switching and routing technologies used in corporate network solutions;
Organizational principles of Microsoft SQL Server DBMS;
Theoretical foundations of data manipulation tools in the relational model of Microsoft SQL Server;
Factors affecting the performance of query execution;
Principles of data manipulation and data integrity in Microsoft SQL Server databases;
Principles of planning effective index structures;
The physical structure of the databases;
Principles of storage and processing of spatial, XML and BLOB data;
The concept of the transaction log and the recovery model for SQL Server databases;
Aspects of secure data storage;
Principles of creation and implementation of ETL solutions;
Architecture and principles of implementation, configuration parameters of the PostgreSQL DBMS;
Fundamentals of PostgreSQL database security;
Benefits of using PL/pgSQL;
Fundamentals of the PL/pgSQL language;
Built-in functions of PostgreSQL;
Supported data types of arguments and return values.

For more information about the courses, see the page with the educational trajectory and the content of each module of the program.

The final certification for the program is Final qualifying work.

The vocational retraining program provides opportunities for learning and preparation for certification exams within:

Cisco Networking Academy programs:
- LPI Linux Essentials Professional Development by Linux Professional Institute (LPI)
Microsoft Authorized Courses:

Start date

October 1 (October - June, September - December)
March 1 (March - June, September - May)

There are no classes in July and August - holidays!

Class mode

The form of education is part-time (evening).

Classes are held 2-4 times a week for 4 ac. hours (on weekdays from 18:00, on weekends from 10:00 or from 14:00).

Prerequisites

The program is intended for specialists with higher, secondary vocational education, senior students. Acceptance rules...

For admission, you must pass

Computer test No. VKT-113.2 Operating system MS Windows

The concept of operating systems. Functions and classification of operating systems.
Composition of MS Windows. Hardware requirements.
The concept of the original and localized versions of the program.
Keyboard layout. Language switching.
Working with the mouse in MS Windows: pointers and types of operations.
MS Windows interface. Essential elements.
Window elements in MS Windows. Window display modes, window operations. Window types.
Launching, closing applications, switching between them.
Elements of dialog boxes, filling fields in dialog boxes.
Operations with icons. Types of pictograms.
Types of menus and commands. Ways to execute commands.
Main menu. sections of the main menu.
Completion of work with MS Windows. System reboot.
Standard MS Windows applications: Paint graphics editor, Word text editor, Calculator. Standard buttons in applications.
Opening and saving documents.
Clipboard. Copying and moving data through the Clipboard.
Labels: definition, types, methods of creation, operations.
File system. Namespace.
My Computer (Computer) application: switch to desired disk and to the desired folder; viewing modes; creating and renaming folders; selection, copying, moving and deleting objects; undo last action; changing properties and setting parameters.
Search for files and folders.
Taskbar: purpose, settings.
Desktop: appointment, setting. Organize windows and icons.
Setting the Main Menu.
Control Panel Setup: Date/Time, Keyboard, Mouse, Printers, Fonts, Screen.

This article is intended primarily for Oracle DBMS administrators (and those who want to become them), it will be very useful for applied developers, as well as for users of this complex system. We are all waiting for an exciting journey in the world of Oracle, and I will help you not to get lost in it.

We will start from the very basics, from the simplest, and gradually we will move on and on. I'll warn you right now - it won't be easy. But are you ready to share the difficulties with me? If so, then go ahead!

Why will it be difficult for you? Because one must not just skim through the text, not just enjoy the process of reading, not just be satisfied with reading abstruse material, but WORK above the text. Exactly WORK. I will often describe complex relationships, if you do not draw them on paper, do not study every point, then there will be a gap. Gaps will accumulate until huge voids are formed. In the end, you will ask yourself: "What have I learned?". I think you already guessed what the answer will be.

Set a goal - to "understand EVERYTHING", if, nevertheless, something turned out to be incomprehensible - most likely I am to blame. Write to me, and in the next issues we will consider incomprehensible issues in much more detail.

Why will it be difficult for me? The fact is that I will also study with my subscribers. And since I am responsible for your advancement, since I will have to answer questions, collect material, I simply have to go one step forward. And while you are studying the current issue, I will have to prepare the next one.

As I promised, we will start with the simplest.

Brief history of ORACLE.

In 1977 Larry Ellison, Bob Miner, and Ed Owets organized their business under the name Relational Software Incorporated (RSI). It was this company that laid the foundation for the Oracle relational database management system (RDBMS). Ellison, Miner, and Owets decided to develop a RDBMS using C and a SQL interface. And soon the first version (prototype) was released. Buyers in 1979 Oracle RDBMS version 2 was introduced, which ran on Digital PDP-11, running OS RSX-11. Then it was ported to the DEC VAX system.

1983 became the herald of the release of version 3, which brought changes to the SQL language, increased system performance and added some other improvements. Unlike the previous versions, the third version was written entirely in C. Since then, RSI has changed its name to Oracle Corporation.

Oracle version 4 was introduced in 1984. This version supported both the VAX OS and the IBM VM. This version provided the ability to multi-user stable data reading. Version 5 appeared in 1985. and marked a turning point in the DBMS market as it pioneered client-server technology using SQL*Net. The fifth version was also one of the first MS DOS programs to break the 640Kb barrier.

In 1988 Oracle introduced version 6. This version introduced low-level locking and many other performance and functionality improvements (including sequence generation and lazy writes). Oracle is already running on multiple platforms and operating systems. In 1991 Oracle RDBMS Parallel Processing Server version 6.1 for DEC VAX system was released. Soon this version began to support other platforms.

Oracle 7 was released in 1992, and there were many architectural changes in memory and I/O. Oracle 7 is already a full-fledged RDBMS product that users are accustomed to and has been using for many years.

In 1997 version 8 was released, which introduced an object model, new properties and administration tools.

In 1999 version 8i (Oracle 8.1.5) with built-in Java was released.

In 2001 Released version 9i. According to the developers, more than 400 changes have been made compared to the previous version. Characteristic changes are the "intellectualization" of automated systems and the expansion of opportunities for analytics.

As you can see, the Oracle product is already 25 years old, and we have to make up for all these "lost" years in a much shorter period. latest version product includes 75 different server products, but most of them are beyond the scope of our course.

Basic concepts and conditional abbreviations

Before we begin our study of Oracle, it is necessary that everyone be clear about the terms that will be encountered in the text. Each issue of the mailing list will have a "Basic Concepts" section so that readers do not waste their time searching for definitions for unfamiliar words.

DB (DB)- Database. A collection of data specially organized for ease of retrieval. The database is the actual data.

DBMS (DBMS)- Database Management System. Software Oracle is a DBMS.

RDBMS (RDBMS)- Relational Database Management System. Internal access to data is carried out in a relational way. Oracle is a RDBMS.

Buffer is some volume random access memory The used to store data. The buffer contains data that is expected to be used, or that has been used most recently. In most cases, a buffer is a copy of a block of data that is stored on the hard drive. The data in the buffer can be modified and written to disk, and a buffer can also be created to store data temporarily. In relation to Oracle - buffers contain those blocks of data that were recently accessed. The collection of buffers makes up the database buffer cache. The buffer also stores temporary entries in the transaction log, which are then written to disk (the transaction log buffer).

Cache- memory area for quick access to data. From a hardware point of view, this is a small (in terms of RAM) amount of memory that is much faster than main memory. This amount of memory is used to reduce the time it takes to frequently download data or instructions to the central processing unit (CPU). The CPU itself contains a built-in cache. In Oracle, a set of buffers (block buffers - that is, blocks of data in RAM) and a shared pool are considered a cache, since they serve to store data and instructions that facilitate fast access. Caching is a very useful mechanism that greatly increases the speed of data access. Since it is usually not possible to fit all the buffers in RAM, special algorithms are used (the most common is the storage of the most frequently used blocks).

Block- the smallest unit of data storage in the Oracle DBMS. Contains header information and the block itself (data or PL/SQL code). The block size is configurable from 2 to 16Kb.

Bottleneck- Components that limit the performance or efficiency of the system.

Data Dictionary- a set of tables used to maintain information about the database.

Checkpoint- an operation that causes all changed data (data blocks in memory) to be written to disk. This is a key factor in the problem of quickly recovering a database after a crash.

Schema- collection of database objects.

SGA (System Global Area) A shared memory area used to store data and control information for an Oracle instance. The SGA is allocated in memory when an Oracle instance starts up and is freed when it shuts down. SGAs are made up of data buffers, a changelog buffer, and a shared pool. This is one of the most important concepts and we will cover it in more detail later.

ORACLE Configurations

There are many types of configurations. Let's look at the main ones, analyze and define the characteristics.

OLTP (Online Transaction Processing)- operational processing of transactions. This is the most common configuration. An OLTP system consists of users who interact with the system. These systems are usually used for prompt input of primary information (filling out contracts, checking credit card numbers, asynchronous transactions, etc.).
Characteristic features of OLTP systems: typically supports a large number of users working with the RDBMS. Since users wait for data to be returned to requests, response time is of great importance. OLTP systems are associated with intensive read-write processes. Depending on the application, the read-write rating may vary.

DSS (Decision Support System)- Decision support systems are used in decision-making processes. These decisions can be based on information such as the volume of sales in certain regions, a sample of buyers for a particular product, a sorted list of email addresses, and more.
Features of DSS: Long-running queries versus large amounts of data. Users of DSS systems are forced to wait minutes, hours, and sometimes several days for a response to a request. Data is usually collected from various sources and then processed. The DSS system is associated with an intensive reading process (writing processes
occur much less frequently).

Data Warehouse is a large scale system that consists of both OLTP and DSS. These systems typically work with hundreds of gigabytes of data and serve a huge number of users.
Features of a data warehouse: has some attributes of DSS systems, i.e. long-running queries, as well as real-time components. These components are often used as data sources for DSS queries.

Information Store (Data Mart)- this is a reduced version of the data warehouse (focused on solving highly specialized tasks), while retaining many of the features of the Data Warehouse.
Characteristic features of the information shop: typically 100 gigabytes of data or less. Just like a data warehouse, it supports a large number of users and allows you to generate complex solutions.

Video server: Allows you to support a large number of video streams. These video streams can be used on demand, as entertainment, and as educational courses.
Characteristic features of the video server: Must have a wide bandwidth to support multiple video streams. Also, it must be able to handle a large I/O load. When reading from devices, large blocks of data are loaded at once, which are not very fragmented.

Web server: designed to work with static and dynamic web pages. These pages can be very simple or complex, generated from a database. The Oracle Web Server is typically used for commercial web applications. Such
Apps allow shoppers to browse catalogs that include product images and even video illustrations. The buyer can purchase the product he likes.
Features of the Oracle Web Server: usually supports a significant number of users, contains a large amount of data that is accessed frequently, and at the same time, data that is not accessed very often. Server performance can be improved by a large amount of RAM.

OLAP(Online Analytical Processing)- analytical processing in real time. Typically used in conjunction with multidimensional data. OLAP users are financial analysts or marketing personnel working with data on a global level.
Characteristic features of OLAP systems: require a large amount of disk memory and powerful computing systems. An OLAP system can only support a small number of users. However, the number of users depends on the specific configuration.

Conclusion

So, we got acquainted with the history of Oracle Corporation, learned a few important concepts and learned the most important configurations. You can congratulate yourself - you have begun your dive into the wonderful world of Oracle.

As I promised, we will start with the simplest.

Brief history of ORACLE.

In 1997 version 8 was released, which introduced an object model, new properties and administration tools.

In 1999 version 8i (Oracle 8.1.5) with built-in Java was released.

As you can see, the Oracle product is already 25 years old, and we have to make up for all these "lost" years in a much shorter period. The latest version of the product includes 75 different server products, but most of them are beyond the scope of our course.

Basic concepts and conditional abbreviations

DB (DB)- Database. A collection of data specially organized for ease of retrieval. The database is the actual data.

DBMS (DBMS)- Database Management System. Oracle software is a DBMS.

RDBMS (RDBMS)- Relational Database Management System. Internal access to data is carried out in a relational way. Oracle is a RDBMS.

Buffer is some amount of RAM used to store data. The buffer contains data that is expected to be used, or that has been used most recently. In most cases, a buffer is a copy of a block of data that is stored on the hard drive. The data in the buffer can be modified and written to disk, and a buffer can also be created to store data temporarily. In relation to Oracle - buffers contain those blocks of data that were recently accessed. The collection of buffers makes up the database buffer cache. The buffer also stores temporary entries in the transaction log, which are then written to disk (the transaction log buffer).

Block- the smallest unit of data storage in the Oracle DBMS. Contains header information and the block itself (data or PL/SQL code). The block size is configurable from 2 to 16Kb.

Bottleneck- Components that limit the performance or efficiency of the system.

Data Dictionary- a set of tables used to maintain information about the database.

Checkpoint- an operation that causes all changed data (data blocks in memory) to be written to disk. This is a key factor in the problem of quickly recovering a database after a crash.

Schema- collection of database objects.

ORACLE Configurations

There are many types of configurations. Let's look at the main ones, analyze and define the characteristics.

Conclusion

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